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Peace of Riga
The Peace of Riga, also known as the Treaty of Riga; (ポーランド語:Traktat Ryski) was signed in Riga on 18 March 1921, between Poland, Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus) and Soviet Ukraine. The treaty ended the Polish–Soviet War.〔K. Marek. ''Identity and Continuity of States in Public International Law''. Librairie Droz 1968. pp. 419-420.〕
The Soviet-Polish borders established by the treaty remained in force until the Second World War. They were later redrawn during the Yalta Conference and Potsdam Conference.
== Background ==
World War I destabilised national borders across Europe. In 1918, after the Russian Revolution had renounced Tsarist claims to Poland in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the war had ended with Germany's surrender, Poland was able to re-establish its independence after a century of foreign rule even though its borders were not yet formally determined.
The Russian Civil War presented an opportunity for Poland under the leadership of Józef Piłsudski to regain the Ukrainian territories of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth which had been incorporated into the Russian Empire during the Partitions of Poland. Meanwhile, many in the Soviet leadership desired to respond to Piłsudski's moves into the Ukraine by using military force against Poland, which was seen by the Soviets as a land bridge to Western Europe, and thus to extend the revolution westwards. The Polish-Soviet War ensued, culminating in the Polish victory in the Battle of Warsaw (1920), after which both sides became receptive to ending the conflict. Further military setbacks following their defeat near Warsaw made the Soviets eager to begin peace treaty negotiations,〔(THE REBIRTH OF POLAND ). University of Kansas, lecture notes by professor Anna M. Cienciala, 2004. Last accessed on 2 June 2006.〕 and the Poles, pressured by the League of Nations, were also willing to negotiate after the Polish army had regained control of most of the disputed territories in the war, but was nearing exhaustion.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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